How Do Doctors Test Women’s Fertility?
In 2017, the global fertility rate per woman was 2.5, as reported the by United Nations Population Fund. Another report, The State of World Population 2018, by UNPF, says that as of 2018, the average fertility rate in India between 2015 and 2020 is 2.3 per woman. But have you ever wondered how fertility is tested? Here is a comprehensive guide on how doctors determine reproductive health in women.
Tests Conducted for Female Fertility
The most common case of infertility occurs when the fallopian tubes are blocked and the sperms are unable to reach the eggs. When this happens, a hysterosalpingogram or an HSG test is conducted by the doctors. In this test, an X-ray is done to check the internal shape of the uterus, to figure out if the fallopian tubes are blocked.
First, a speculum is inserted inside the vagina to widen the opening, followed by the cleaning of the cervix. Next, a thin tube, called a cannula, is inserted in the cervix to inject iodinated contrast media into the uterus. This flows into the uterus and then into the fallopian tubes. In case there is any abnormality present in the uterus, it gets outlined by the contrast fluid. A radiologist checks the X ray images and sends it to the doctor. In case the fallopian tubes are blocked, a laparoscopic procedure might be recommended to clear the blockage. In Vitro Fertilization might also be recommended for women who are planning a family.
What the Doctors Might Ask
Infertility could often be a combined problem of both the man and the woman. Therefore, the doctor might ask both partners a few questions, such as:
- The level of caffeine, drugs, cigarettes and alcohol consumption
- How often you engage in sexual activities with your partner and outside
- The kind of underwear the man wears, particularly because tight fitted ones keep the scotum too hot to be able to produce healthy sperms.
- If you have contracted sexually transmitted diseases or have any history of sexual issues.
Other Tests for Infertility
Apart from the HSG test, some other fertility tests include:
Ovarian Reserve Testing
Through this test, doctors are able to identify the number of eggs present during ovulation and their quality. If a woman does not have enough eggs, she might have to undergo imaging tests.
Imaging Tests
A pelvic ultrasound is conducted to determine whether any diseases are present in the fallopian tubes or uterus. Most often, a sonohysterogram is performed to check the inside of the uterus, which cannot be seen in an ultrasound.
Laparoscopy
In this procedure, a small surgical cut is made just below the navel and a thin device is inserted to check the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. This process helps detect any irregularities in the fallopian tubes.
Some medical insurance policies are known to cover the cost of infertility treatments, including the cost of HSG tests in India. When you are considering treatment, make sure you choose the best infertility specialist for an informed decision.